GEOGRAPHY
In the centre of the Cyclades, between Kythnos, Tenos, Rheneia
and Mykonos, Syros or Syra is 84 sq. km. in area, has 87 km. of
coastline and is 83 nautical miles from Piraeus. There are daily
passenger and car ferries from Piraeus, linking Syros with the
other Cycladic islands, with Herakleion in Crete, Ikaria, Samos
and Fournoi. A car ferry service from Rafina links Siros with
Andros and Tenos. Hermoupolis, the island's main town, is also
capital of the prefecture of the Cyclades, their administrative
and commercial centre with a population of 19,668.
Syros is a mountainous island (highest point Pyrgos, 431 miles.
a.s.l.) particularly in the north, whereas in the south it is
flat with small, fertile plains. As a consequence of this
alternating terrain the coast is indented with small coves,
headlands and two large bays: Phoinika on the west side and
Hermoupolis on the east, with lovely beaches between, popular
with visitors. The island retains much of its former grandeur
and because of its facilities for tourists, natural beauty,
historical and archeological monuments, one is assured of a
pleasant stay.
HISTORY
Excavations have verified the island's habitation since
Neolithic times. The prehistoric acropolis of Kastri and the
site of the Chalandriani have both yielded finds of the Early
Cycladic civilization (2700-2200 BC). Phoenicians were settled
here, the name of the village Phoinikas being a legacy of their
presence. In historical times Syros was colonized by Ionians
and had two large cities, one of which stood on the site of
Hermoupolis. During the Persian Wars it initially sided with the
Medes, though later joined the Athenian League. In Hellenistic
times it was under the aegis of Macedonia and the Egyptian
Ptolemies. In contrast with the other islands, Syros experienced
an acme in Roman times, which, however, was eclipsed in
Byzantine times. In 1207 it was a Venetian possession under
the
jurisdiction of the Duchy of Naxos. Then it was that the
fortified town of Ano Syros was built on the hill to the west of
the harbour. It was taken by the Turks in 1537. Many Catholics
from the surrounding islands sought refuge on Siros which, with
the support of Venice and the interest shown by the king of
France, developed into a bastion of the Latin faith. Shortly
before the 1821 Revolution Syros enjoyed considerable prosperity
and its harbour was a hive of commercial activity. Fugitives
from persecution by the Turks sought asylum here and in 1822
refugees from Psara, Chios and Smyrna built Hermoupolis between
Any Syros and the waterfront. For almost half a century Syros
flourished as a commercial, nautical, and cultural centre. The
development of Piraeus as the foremost port of Greece
signaled
its decline, but even today its population is largely involved
in entrepreneurial and maritime activities.
SIGHTS-MONUMENTS
As one sails into the island's harbour, Hermoupolis, the view of
the town is truly splendid, with its impressive mansions.
Neoclassical buildings, houses with pronounced folk
architectural elements extend upwards from the quayside to the
brow of the hill. Of the public buildings the Town Hall in
Miaoulis Square (designed by Ziller), built between 1876 and
1881, the commemorative statue of Miaoulis, the Municipal
Theatre "Apollo", small-scale copy of La Scala in Milan, are of
interest. Throughout the day Miaoulis Square with its elegant
palm trees throngs with life, while in the late afternoon its
cafes are a favourite meeting place. Churches of note include
that of the Transfiguration (the cathedral), the Dormition, St.
Demetrius (3 km. out of town), St. Barbra, St. Nicholas and
Three Hierarchs. The seafarers' quarter, Vaporia, has narrow
streets bordered by Neoclassical mansions. The Archaeological
Museum houses significant finds and the public library has a
rich selection of volumes old and new. The medieval town of Ano
Syros, built in Venetian times, stands on the hill of San
Giorgio. Its steep, stepped streets endow it with a special
charm and at its pinnacle stands the Catholic Church of San
Giorgio, which acquired its present aspect in 1843, replacing a
smaller, medieval chapel, now incorporated within its interior,
which stood on the site of a 12th century Byzantine Church. East
of the church of San Giorgio is the Bishop's residence and
nearby the Capuchin monastery and the Jesuit monastery. There
are over 50 Catholic churches on Siros, both in Hermoupolis and
other villages.
On the northeast side of the island (approx. 12 km. from
Hermoupolis) is the site of Chalandriani, dug by the
Greek
archaeologist Christos Tsountas who brought to light an
important prehistoric cemetery (500 graves). The copious finds
from there greatly enriched our knowledge of the Early Cycladic
civilization, particularly the early years of its floruit (2700
-2200 BC). Other prehistoric cemeteries have been located on
Syros (Pidna, Aghios Loukas).
Northwest of Chalandriani, on
the
hill of Kastri, early and more recent excavators have brought to
light a fortified settlement, one of the earliest in the
Cyclades. From the rich finds, dating to the second half of the
3rd millennium BC, contact with Asia Minor can be inferred.
According to tradition, at Platy Vouni, near Chalandriani, is
the cave of the historian and philosopher Pherekides, pupil of
Pitakos and teacher of Pythagoras, who hailed from Syros. The
southern part of the island is the most fertile and densely
populated. Greenery abounds in the richly planted gardens of
the
old summer houses built by sailors and merchants from
Hermoupolis. 2.5 km. from Hermoupolis is Talanta with its church
of St. John the Theologian. To the southeast, in the area of Ano
Manna, is the Phaneromenti monastery. Vari, the most beautiful
holiday spot, is 9 km. from town and has a sandy beach and clear
blue sea. In the bay of Phoinikas (12 km. from town) is
Poseidonia (Della Grazia) one of the loveliest areas on
the
island, rivaled perhaps by Parakopi (4 km further north). The
sea and sand at Angathopes is irresistible, while at Kini on
the
west side, (9 km from Hermoupolis)one is assured of an enjoyable
vacation. the beaches at Galissa, Megas Yalos and Grammata are
also delightful, while one can swim at Kymata and Aghios
Nikolaos right beside Hermoupolis. There is no problem in
reaching any of the beaches and there is regular public
transport. Caiques make trips from Kini or Hermoupolis to the
more remote beaches (Varvarousa, Grammata) and it is easier to
get to those on the northeast and northwest coast by boat, since
access by road is rather difficult. refueling station at
Hermoupolis. Accommodation is available in lots of hotels,
pensions, furnished rooms or flats and even Neoclassical villas
(Poseidonia, Manna).
Next month:
The Islands of the Cyclades - Paros-Antiparos, Part 9 of 22
|
June
2011 Greek Orthodox Calendar |
Sunday |
Monday |
Tuesday |
Wednesday |
Thursday |
Friday |
Saturday |
|
|
|
1
Fast Free
Apodosis of Pascha
Justin the Philosopher & Martyr and his Companions
Pyrros the Hieromartyr
|
2
6th Thursday after Pascha/Ascension
Nikephoros the Confessor, Patriarch of Constantinople
Erasmos of Ochrid & his Companion Martyrs
|
3
6th Friday after Pascha
Lucillian of Byzantium, 4 martyred Youths & Paula the Virgin
Athanasios the Wonderworker
|
4
Metrophanes, 1st Patriarch of Constantinople
Mary & Martha, the sisters of Lazarus
|
5
Fathers of the 1st Council
Dorotheos the Holy Martyr, Bishop of Tyre
Holy Martyrs Nicandrus, Gorgus and Apollonus and those with them
|
6
7th Monday after Pascha
Hilarion the New of Dalmation Monastery
Bessarion the Wonderworker of Egypt
|
7
7th Tuesday after Pascha
Theodotos, Bishop of Ankyra
Our Righteous Father Panagis (Paisios) Basias
|
8
Removal of the Relics of Theodore the Commander
Kalliope the Martyr
Melania the Righteous
|
9
7th Thursday after Pascha
Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria
3 Virgin-martyrs of Chios
|
10
7th Friday after Pascha
Alexander & Antonina the Martyrs
Timothy, Bishop of Proussa
|
11
Saturday before Pentecost
Bartholomew and Barnabas the Holy Apostles
Revelation of the Hymn Axion Estin to a monk on Mt. Athos by the Archangel Gabriel
|
12
Pentecost - Trinity Sunday
Onouphrios the Great
Peter the Athonite
|
13
Fast Free
1st Monday after Pentecost
Akylina the Martyr of Syria
Triphyllos the Bishop of Nicosia
|
14
Fast Free
Elisha the Prophet
Methodios the Confessor, Patriarch of Constantinople
Cyril, Bishop of Gortyna
|
15
Fast Free
1st Wednesday after Pentecost
Amos the Prophet
Our Righteous Father Hieronymus
|
16
Fast Free
1st Thursday after Pentecost
Tychon the Wonderworker
40 Martyrs of Rome
|
17
Fast Free
1st Friday after Pentecost
Isaurus the Holy Martyr & his Companions of Athens
Manuel, Sabel, & Ishmael the Martyrs of Persia
|
18
Fast Free
1st Saturday after Pentecost
Leontios, Hypatios, & Theodoulos the Martyrs of Syria
|
19
All Saints
Thaddeus (Jude) the Apostle & Brother of Our Lord
Holy Martyr Zosima
|
20
2nd Monday after Pentecost: Apostles Fast Begins Today
Methodios the Martyr, Bishop of Olympus
Kallistos I, Patriarch of Constantinople
|
21
2nd Tuesday after Pentecost
Julian the Martyr of Tarsus
Terentios, Bishop of Iconium
|
22
2nd Wednesday after Pentecost
Eusebius, Bishop of Samosata
Zenon the Martyr & his servant Zenas of Philadelphia
|
23
2nd Thursday after Pentecost
Agrippina the Martyr of Rome
Holy Martyrs Aristocleus the Priest, Demetrius the Deacon and Athanasius the Reader
|
24
Nativity of the Forerunner John the Baptist
St. Elizabeth, Mother of the Forerunner
Panagiotis the New Martyr
|
25
2nd Saturday after Pentecost
Leavetaking of the Nativity of the Forerunner John the Baptist
Prokopios the New Martyr
|
26
2nd Sunday of Matthew
David the Righteous of Thessalonika
Appearance of the Icon of Our Most Holy Lady the Theotokos of Tikhvin
|
27
3rd Monday after Pentecost
Sampson the Innkeeper of Constantinople
Joanna the Myrrhbearer
|
28
3rd Tuesday after Pentecost
Finding of the Relics of Cyrus and John the Unmercenaries
Pappias the Martyr
|
29
Peter and Paul, the Holy Apostles
|
30
Synaxis of the Twelve Holy Apostles: Peter, Andrew, James & John the sons of Zebedee, Phillip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, Jude the brother of James, Simon & Matthias
Michael the New Martyr of Athens
|
|
|
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